ÿþ<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=unicode"> <meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel=File-List href="Svetlost1_files/filelist.xml"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="Svetlost1_files/editdata.mso"> <!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--> <title>Untitled Page</title> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>ik (ikr)</o:Author> <o:Template>Normal</o:Template> <o:LastAuthor>ik (ikr)</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>8</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>4</o:TotalTime> <o:Created>2007-06-24T13:54:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2007-08-04T16:07:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>696</o:Words> <o:Characters>3973</o:Characters> <o:Company>pandfedb</o:Company> <o:Lines>33</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>9</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>4660</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>11.5606</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState> <w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:#000010; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> <!-- function IMG1_onclick() { } // --> </script> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="6146"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor=white background="http://two.xthost.info/ikr/slike/pozadina.jpg" lang=SR link="#000010" vlink=blue style='tab-interval:35.4pt'> <div class=Section1> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><u><span style='font-size:20.0pt'>Svetlost<xml> <u1:p></u1:p> </xml></span></u><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal title=Svetlost unselectable=off><u1:p>&nbsp;</u1:p> </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Tela koja emituju svetlost --&gt; svetlosni izvori</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Mi vidimo i tela oko sebe koja nisu svetlosni izvori --&gt; to je zato ato se od njih odbija svetlost koja dolazi iz nekog svetlosnog izvora i dolazi do naaeg oka.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt; line-height:150%'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Postoje :</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span>PRIRODNI SVETLOSNI IZVORI (...zvezde)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span>VE`TA KI SVETLOSNI IZVORI (...zagrejana/usijana metalna tela, plamen svee, svetlei gas u cevima...)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Naj eae se koriste termi ki (toplotni) svetlosni izovri, koji nastaju zagrevanjem tela. Metalno telo se mo~e postupno zagrevati, najpre do crvenog, potom ~utog, i najzad belog usijanja. Ono tada zra i energiju u obliku toplote, a sa poviaenjem temperature, poveava se i zra na energija u obliku svetlosti.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Plamen svee daje svetlost pri hemijskom procesu sagorevanja, a svetlei gas (reklame cevi) nastaje pri elektri nom pra~njenju kroz gas.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>U zvezdama se neprekidno odvijaju atomski procesi u kojima se oslobaa energija.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>U SVETLOSNIM IZOVRIMA SE TOPLOTNA, HEMIJSKA, ATOMSKA, ILI DRUGI OBLICI ENERGIJE PRETVARAJU I EMITUJU (ZRA E) SVETLOST.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svi svetlosni izvori emituju svetlost koja je ista po prirodi.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Tela mogu biti :</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span>NEPROVIDNA (tela koja upijaju, ili odbijaju svetlost --&gt; metali, drvo, kamen...)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span>PROVIDNA (tela kroz koje prolazi svetlost --&gt; voda, staklo...)<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><u1:p>&nbsp;</u1:p> </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svetlost, propuatena kroz male ta kaste otvore u mra nu prostoriju, daje vrlo uzane svetlosne snopove, svetle linije --&gt; svetlosne zrake.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svetlosni zraci koji dolaze od Sunca prakti no su paralelni.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;line-height:150%;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt; line-height:150%'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>U HOMOGENOJ SREDINI SVETLOST SE OD IZVORA PROSTIRE PRAVOLONIJSKI !</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%'><u>Senka i polusenka<u1:p></u1:p></u></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Zbog pravolinijskog kretanja svetlosti iza osvetljenih predmeta javlja se senka.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Veli ina senke, njen oblik, i oatrina, zavise od veli ine sevetlosnog izovora, veli ine osvetljenog predmeta, njihovog uzajamnog polo~aja<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>i udaljenosti. </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svetlosni izvor mngo manji od osvetljenog predmeta, ili mnogo udaljen od njega --&gt;ta kasti izvor svetlosti.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>IZA NEPROVIDNOG PREDMETA OSVETLJENOG TA KASTIM IZOVROM SVETLOSTI JAVLJA SE <b>SENKA SA O`TRIM GRANICAMA IZMEU OSVETLJENOG I NEOSVETLJENOG DELA PROSTORA</b>. U PROSTOR SENKE NE STI}E NIJEDAN SVETLOSNI ZRAK. U SVIM OSTALIM SLU AJEVIMA IZA OSVETLJENOG PREDMETA JAVLJA SE <b>POLUSENKA  DEO PROSTORA DO KOGA OD SVETLOSNOG IZVORA STI}U SAMO NEKI SVETLOSNI ZRACI</b>. TAKVA SENKA NEMA O`TRE GRANICE VE NEOSVETLJENI PROSTOR POSTEPENO PRELAZI U OSVETLJENI.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%'><u1:p>&nbsp;<u></u1:p> &nbsp;</u> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%'><u1:p>&nbsp;<u></u1:p> &nbsp;</u> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%'><u1:p>&nbsp;<u></u1:p> &nbsp;</u> </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 150%'><u>Odbijanje svetlosti<u1:p></u1:p></u></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svetlost se mo~e odbijanjem usmeriti na razne predmete</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Pogledajmo ovu sliku :<o:p></o:p></p> <p title=slika1>&nbsp;<img width=299 height=431 id=IMG1 src="http://two.xthost.info/ikr/slike/svetlost_pandfedb_sl1.JPG" language=javascript onclick="return IMG1_onclick()" align=middle title=sl1></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'> <span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Imamo upadni zrak (B) i odbojni zrak (C) i izmeu njih uglove do normale (od B do normale - ± i od normale do C - ²)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'> <span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span>± =²</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'> <span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; </span>Zakon odbijanja svetlosti : </p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify'>UPADNI UGAO <b>JEDNAK</b> JE ODBOJNOM UGLU. UPADNI ZRAK, NORMALA I ODBOJNI ZRAK LE}E U <b>ISTOJ RAVNI</b>.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;line-height:150%'><u>Ravna ogledala<xml> <u1:p></u1:p> </xml></u></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Ravno ogledalo - ugla ana ravna povraina koja odbija najvei deo upadnih zrakova</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Osobine ravnog ogledala imaju dobro ugla ana metalna povraina ili staklo koje je s jedne strane metatalizirano.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svaki predmet (P) ima svoj lik u ogledalu (L)</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Lik (L) nije stvaran jer je on dobijen od odbijenih zrakova</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Liku (L) su strane suprotne od predmeta (P); Ono ato je predmetu (P) leva strana, to je na liku (L) desna, i obrnuto.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>-<span style='font-size:7.0pt'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svetlost se mo~e odbijati i od neravnu povrainu; Uzmimo sledei primer :</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify'>Sun evi zraci, koji su prakti no paralelni, kada padaju na ravno ogledalo odbijaju se tako ato su i odbijeni zraci paralelni. Sun ev lik se vidi u ravnom ogledalu. Meutim, kada Sun evi zraci padaju na povrainu snega, oni se nepravilno rasipaju i ne mo~e se videti Sun ev lik. Povraina snega je neravna pa odbijeni zraci imaju razli ite pravce.</p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>-</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Pojava, kao ato je ova gore opisana naziva se <b>difuzno odbijanje svetlosti</b>.<o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>-</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>I kod difuznog odbijanja svetlosti va~e isti zakoni odbijanja svetlosti od ravnog ogledala, samo ato hrapave povraine ine samo veliki broj malih razli ito orijentisanih ravnih povraina, zbog ega se upadni paralelni zraci odbijaju u razli itim pravcima. <o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -18.0pt;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>-</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </span>Svakodnevno posmatranje predmeta oko nas je posledica difuznog odbijanja svetlosti. <o:p></o:p></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'>.........nastavie se......<span style='mso-tab-count:1'>  </span>by ikr (<a href="mailto:ikr_serbia@yahoo.com">ikr_serbia<span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language: EN-US'>@yahoo.com</span></a>) (c)2007 <a href="http://pandfedb.co.sr/">http://pandfedb.co.sr</a></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><a href="http://pandfedb.co.nr/">http://pandfedb.co.nr</a></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right'><a href="http://two.xthost.info/ikr/index">Back to home</a><span class=MsoHyperlink><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:283.2pt;text-align:justify'>&nbsp; </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> </body> </html>